General medicine case 12

  

A 33 year old male patient with bilateral pedal edema,abdominal distension and swelling of scrotum


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Case:
A 33 year old male patient with bilateral pedal edema, abdominal distension and swelling of scrotum since 2 months

History of present illness:
Patient was apparently asymptomatic back before the standing illness.Then the patient noticed bilateral pedal edema,swelling in scrotum and abdominal distension since 2 months.

It all started 3 years back where had bilateral pedal edema and abdominal distension and visited a local hospital.There it was diagnosed that patient had liver disease and also that patient had diabetes.
Patient was using metformin for diabetes.

8 months back patient had abdominal distension and yellowish discoloration for which he used herbal treatment but instead of relieving his symptoms,it got aggravated and patient was admitted to the ICU with complaints of severe shortness of breath and abdominal distension on 02/12/21 (Thursday night) where it was diagnosed that patient had dilated cardiomyopathy second to alcohol consumption with  chronic liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

2 months back patient stopped taking medication and followed by which he had bilateral pedal edema extended upto scrotum and also abdominal distension.

Patient was married 10 years back and due to family issues he got separated from his wife and children after which patient was addicted to alcohol consumption.

Past history 

He's a k/c/o DM -2 since 2 years and under treatment of Tab Metformin 500 mg 

K/c/o HFrEF since 6 months , Chronic liver disease since 3 years 

No history of HTN/Epilepsy/TB/Thyroid disorders

The patient had not undergone any surgeries.

Personal history 

Diet : mixed

Appetite : decreased

Bowel and bladder : normal 

Sleep :adequate 

Addictions:Pt had habit of smoking and alcohol consumption since 10 years.

Family history

No history of DM/HTN/CVA/CAD/Asthma/thyroid disorders

No similar complaints in the family previously. 

Treatment history 

Not significant. 

General examination

Patient is conscious, coherent and cooperative. 

Pt had h/o jaundice.

No pallor,no cyanosis,no clubbing,no lymphadenopathy. 

Vitals

Temp - febrile (99.2 degree Fahrenheit)

PR - 112 bpm

RR - 22 cpm

BP - 110/70 mmHg 

SPO2 - 99 %

GRBS - 175 mg/dl 

Systemic examination:

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

Inspection:

Chest wall is bilaterally symmetrical.

No precordial bulge

No visible pulsations, engorged veins, scars, sinuses

Palpation:

JVP: normal

Auscutation:

Normal with regular heartbeat

S1, S2 heard

No murmurs 

Apex beat 5th intercostal space.

JVP elevated

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-

Position of trachea: central

Normal Bilateral air entry 

No AV sounds

PER ABDOMEN:

Patient had distended abdomen

Patient had dilated veins on abdomen.

Fluid thills present.

Normal. No mass is palpable. 

No organomegaly

No bruit heard

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

Patient is Conscious 

Speech: normal

Reflexes: present

Investigation:

Hemogram :

HB - 13

TLC - 12,100

N/L/E/M - 67 /20/10/3

PCV - 37.8

PLt - 3.13

RBC - 4.81 


RFT :

Urea - 31 

Creatinine - 0.7

Uric acid - 2.7

Calcium - 10 

Phosphorous - 3.8

Sodium - 130 

Potassium - 3.6

Chloride - 91 


LFT : 

TB - 7.26 

DB -4.21

AST - 26 

ALT - 17 

ALP - 560 

TP - 6.6 

Albumin - 3.6 

A/G ratio - 0.24 

Ultrasound : 

1.altered echotexture of liver with mild surface irregularity ?chronic liver disease 

2.Raised echogenicity of B/L kidneys 

3.Gall bladder wall edema 

4.Gross ascites

5.Skin and subcutaneous tissue shows edematous changes in the anterior abdominal wall diffusely 

Clinical images:

Pt had abdominal distension:



Bilateral pedal edema until the scrotum



Echocardiography






ECG



Diagnosis : 

HFrEF 
with Chronic Liver Disease 
with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Treatment : 

1.fluid restriction <1.5 l /day 

2.salt restriction <2.4 g/day

3.Tab Lasix 40 mg po/bd 

4.Tab Aldactone 50 mg po od 

5.Tab Met xl 12.5 mg po bd 

6.Tab Thiamine 100 mg po bd

7.daily weight and abdominal girth monitoring 

8.I/O charting 

9.Monitor vitals -4th hourly

10.Grbs - 6th hourly 










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